Some states have laws prohibiting Electors from casting a vote deviating from the popular vote result and some Electors sign pledges promising not to deviate from the popular vote result when casting their votes. There is no litigation as to how binding these laws or pledges are, or whether they can prevent a deviating vote, or just punish the Elector after the result is counted. The Constitution makes no reference to any voting requirements with respect to the state popular vote. (Source, the National Archives.)
Copyright © 2001 by Richard Warren Field