Test your “Crusades” IQ

Which of the following was not one of the original “crusader states,” established during the First Crusade (the Crusade that resulted in the western Christian capture of Jerusalem in 1099)?
1. County of Edessa
2. Kingdom of Jerusalem
3. Kingdom of Acre
4. Principality of Antioch
Who was the first ruler of the Kingdom of Jerusalem?
1. Raymond of Toulouse
2. Godfrey of Bouillon
3. Robert of Flanders
4. Robert of Normandy
Which French king went on the Third Crusade with Richard the Lionheart?
1. Louis IX (Saint Louis)
2. Philip II
3. Louis VIII
4. No French king went on the Third Crusade.
What was the ethnic group of Muslim Sultan Saladin, the opponent of Richard the Lionheart during the Third Crusade?
1. Persian
2. Arab
3. Turk
4. Kurd
What Christian city did crusaders take over during the Fourth Crusade in 1205?
1. Venice
2. Antioch
3. Constantinople
4. Tyre
The term “crusades” or “crusaders”
1. Was not used during the crusader era.
2. Was first used as a rallying cry for the First Crusade in 1096.
3. Was first used by Templar and Hospitaller knights as part of their recruitment language.
4. Was first used by Richard the Lionheart to rally troops for the Third Crusade.
Which statement about Christians and Mongols during the later part of the crusader era is false?
1. Some Christians submitted to the Mongol Empire and fought under Mongol command against Muslims.
2. There were many Christians among Mongols, including Mongol generals, and wives of Mongol rulers and generals.
3. Christians at Acre declared neutrality just before the Battle of Ayn Jalut and as a result, refused passage to Muslim forces requesting to move through their territory.
4. Western Christian envoys approached Mongols to discuss possible treaties with western Christians, traveling all the way to the Mongol capital of Karakorum, and meeting with the Great Khan.
What Muslim sultan surrendered Jerusalem to Emperor Frederick II in March of 1229?
1. Al-Kamil
2. Nur al-Din
3. Baybars
4. Qutuz
Which European king led the First Crusade?
1. Louis VII of France
2. Louis IX (Saint Louis) of France
3. Henry II of England
4. No European king led the First Crusade
Mongols were defeated by Muslims at Ayn Jalut in what year and in which present-day country?
1. 1260 in present-day northern Israel
2. 1291 in present-day eastern Syria
3. 1218 in present-day eastern Turkey
4. 1248 in present-day eastern Egypt
Richard the Lionheart’s forces threw banners into the moat after the capture of Acre belonging to which European noble?
1. Leopold of Austria
2. Philip II of France
3. Frederick Barbarossa
4. Raymond of Toulouse
Which of the following was never an offer made by Richard the Lionheart during negotiations with Saladin?
1. Richard’s sister Joan would marry Saladin’s brother al-Adil and they would rule Jerusalem jointly.
2. Richard would agree to destroy and abandon his position at Jaffa in exchange for keeping his position at Ascalon.
3. Richard and his forces would leave the area if Saladin would agree to cede Jerusalem the eastern Mediterranean coast from Acre to Jaffa.
4. Richard would hold Jaffa and Ascalon as a fief under Saladin’s suzerainty.
Which of the following about the agreement between Richard and Saladin at the end of the Third Crusade is true?
1. After the truce, Richard made sure Saladin understood that Richard expected to come back and capture Jerusalem.
2. Saladin wanted a treaty, but Richard would only agree to a truce.
3. Richard worshipped at the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem after signing the peace agreement, just before returning Jerusalem, and met Saladin then for the last time.
4. Right after the peace agreement, Saladin finally made his first pilgrimage to Mecca to complete the Hajj required by his faith.
Which event effectively ended the crusader era in the Middle East?
1. Richard the Lionheart’s departure after the peace agreement with Saladin
2. The recapture of Jerusalem by Muslims after its’ brief possession by forces of Emperor Frederick II
3. The fall of Acre to Egyptian Mamluk forces
4. The Mongol capture of Baghdad and Damascus
Saladin’s empire at its peak included:
1. Syria, Egypt and the cities of Mecca, Jerusalem and Acre
2. Syria and the cities of Mecca, Jerusalem and Baghdad
3. Syria, Egypt and the cities of Mecca, Jerusalem and Antioch
4. Syria, Egypt, Cyprus and the Cities of Mecca, Jerusalem and Acre
Which of the following is true about Richard the Lionheart’s vow to go on the Third Crusade?
1. He took the vow while he was King of England.
2. He took the vow while he was still a prince of England.
3. He was pressured by King Philip II of France to take the vow.
4. Richard immediately instituted the “Saladin Tithe” after taking the vow.
Richard the Lionheart took possession of which island on the way to the Middle East during the Third Crusade?
1. Sicily
2. Rhodes
3. Crete
4. Cyprus
When did the crusader knight orders of the Templars and Hospitallers form?
1. Before the First Crusade
2. Between the First and Second Crusades
3. Just after the Second Crusade
4. Just before the Third Crusade
What entity or entities provided an international banking system for Europeans traveling east during the crusades?
1. The Kingdom of Switzerland
2. Italian merchant cities of Venice, Genoa and Pisa
3. The Knights Templar
4. The Kingdom of Sicily
What Egyptian city did Louis IX of France briefly take over in 1248?
1. Alexandria
2. Damietta
3. Cairo
4. Gaza
What year is generally acknowledged as the end of the crusader era in the Middle East?
1. 1192
2. 1291
3. 1260
4. 1248
Which crusader state submitted to Mongol authority during the 13th Century?
1. The Principality of Antioch
2. The County of Edessa
3. The County of Tripoli
4. No crusader state ever submitted to the Mongols
Which of the following was a Christian city throughout the entire period of the Crusades?
1. Antioch
2. Granada
3. Famagusta
4. Beirut
What state, after being defeated by Turks at the Battle of Manzikert in 1074, appealed to the Pope for aid from the west, triggering the Pope’s appeal for holy warriors, effectively launching the crusades?
1. The Holy Roman Empire
2. The Byzantine Empire
3. The Principality of Antioch
4. The County of Edessa
What city did crusaders take in 1219, prompting Sultan al-Kamil to offer to cede Jerusalem to them?
1. Alexandria
2. Damietta
3. Damascus
4. Tunis
What was the name of the Mamluk sultan of Egypt credited with founding the Mamluk Dynasty that eventually completed the expulsion of the crusaders from the Middle East?
1. Saladin
2. Qutuz
3. Hulegu
4. Baybars
What city did western Christian forces besiege unsuccessfully in 1148, during the Second Crusade, forcing the end of the Second Crusade, and resulting in bitterness between Christians coming from Europe, and Christians already living in the area?
1. Jerusalem
2. Damietta
3. Damascus
4. Constantinople
Which of the following statements about Eleanor of Aquitaine and the Crusades is false?
1. Eleanor of Aquitaine went on the Second Crusade with her husband, Henry VII of France.
2. Eleanor of Aquitaine went on the Third Crusade with her husband Henry II of England.
3. Eleanor of Aquitaine traveled to Sicily and met her son Richard the Lionheart on his way to the Middle East during the Third Crusade.
4. Eleanor of Aquitaine was rumored to have committed adultery while on Crusade.
The Saladin Tithe was:
1. A tax levied by Saladin against Christians in his territories to finance the defense of his lands against crusaders.
2. A voluntary contribution made by people to their churches to pay for the effort to recapture Jerusalem during the Third Crusade.
3. A payment made by Saladin to the Caliph of Baghdad every year to support the spiritual seat of Islam.
4. A tax levied by Henry II of England and Philip II of France to raise money for the Third Crusade.
Which of the following about the Children’s Crusade of 1212 is false?
1. It started in France and Germany.
2. A handful reached the Middle East where they came to trained as warriors for future battles between Christians and Muslims.
3. No serious authority backed the Children’s Crusade.
4. Only a few who started out returned home; most died or were sold as slaves.

Test your “Crusades” IQ

Questions about the Crusades in the Middle East, between the 11th and 13th Centuries.